Wednesday, April 27, 2011

The Scarlet Ibis

By James Hurst.

It was in the clove of seasons, summer was dead but autumn had not yet been born, that the ibis lit in the bleeding tree. The flower garden was stained with rotting brown magnolia petals and ironweeds grew rank amid the purple phlox. The five o'clocks by the chimney still marked time, but the oriole nest in the elm was untenanted and rocked back and forth like an empty cradle. The last graveyard flowers were blooming, and their smell drifted across the cotton field and through every room of our house, speaking softly the names of our dead. It's strange hat all this is still so clear to me, now that that summer has since fled and time has had its way. A grindstone stands where the bleeding tree stood, just outside the kitchen door, and now if an oriole sings in the elm, its song seems to die up in the leaves, a silvery dust.

But sometimes (like right now), as I sit in the cool, green-draped parlor, the grindstone begins to turn, and time with all its changes is ground away--and I remember Doodle. Doodle was just about the craziest brother a boy ever had. Of course, he wasn't a crazy crazy like old Miss Leedie, who was in love with President Wilson and wrote him a letter every day, but was a nice crazy, like someone you meet in your dreams.

He was born when I as six and was, from the outset, a disappointment. He seemed all head, with a tiny body which was red and shriveled like an old man's. Everybody thought he was going to die. Daddy had Mr. Heath, the carpenter, build a little mahogany coffin for him. But he didn't die, and when he was three months old, Mama and Daddy decided they might as well name him. They named him William Armstrong, which was like tying a big tail on a small kite. Such a name sounds good only on a tombstone.

I thought myself pretty smart at many things, like holding my breath, running, jumping, or climbing the vines in Old Woman Swamp, and I wanted more than anything else someone to box with, and someone to perch with in the top fork of the great pine behind the barn, where across the fields and swamps you could see the sea. But Mama, crying, told me that even if William Armstrong lived, he would never do these things with me. He might not, she sobbed, even be "all there."

It was bad enough having an invalid brother, but having one who possibly was not all there was unbearable, so began to make plans to kill him by smothering him with a pillow. However, one afternoon as I watched him, my head poked between the iron posts of the foot of the bed, he looked straight at me and grinned. I skipped through the rooms, down the echoing halls, shouting, "Mama, he smiled. he's all there! He's all there!" and he was. As long as he lay all the time in bed, we called him William Armstrong, even though it was formal and sounded as if we were referring to one of our ancestors, but with his creeping around on the deerskin rug and beginning to talk, something had to be done about his name.

It was I who renamed him. When he crawled, he crawled backwards, as if he were in reverse and couldn't change gears. If you called him, he'd turn around as if he were going in the other direction, then he'd back right up to you to be picked up. Crawling backward made him look like a doodlebug, so I began to call him Doodle, and in time even Mama and Daddy thought it was a better name than William Armstrong. Yes. Renaming my brother was perhaps the kindest thing I ever did for him, because nobody expects much for someone called Doodle. Although Doodle learned to crawl, he showed no signs of walking, but he wasn't idle. He talked so much that we all quit listening to what he said.

It was about this time that Daddy built him a go-cart and I had to pull him around. If I so much as picked up my cap, he's start crying to go with me and Mama would call from wherever she was, "Take Doodle with you." He was a burden in many ways. The doctor had said that he mustn't get too excited, too hot, too cold, or too tired and that he must always be treated gently. A long list of don'ts went with him, all of which I ignored once we got out of the house. His skin was very sensitive, and he had to wear a big straw hat whenever he went out. When the going got rough and he had to climb to the sides of the go-cart, the hat slipped all the way down over his ears. He was a sight. Finally, I could see I was licked. Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did, so I dragged him across the burning cotton field to share with him the only beauty I knew, Old Woman Swamp. His eyes were round with wonder as he gazed about him, and his little hands began to stroke the rubber grass. Then he began to cry.

"For heaven's sake, what's the matter?" I asked, annoyed.

"It's so pretty," he said. "So pretty, pretty, pretty."

After that day Doodle and I often went down into Old Woman Swamp. There is within me (and with sadness I have watched it in others) a knot of cruelty borne by the stream of love, much as our blood sometimes bears the seed of our destruction, and at times I was mean to Doodle. One day I took him up to the barn loft and showed him his casket, telling him now we all had believed he would die. It was covered with a film of Paris green sprinkled to kill the rats, and screech owls had built a nest inside it.

Doodle studied the mahogany box for a long time, then said, "It's not mine."

"It is," I said. "And before I'll help you down from the loft, you're going to have to touch it."

"I won't touch it," he said sullenly.

"Then I'll leave you here by yourself," I threatened, and made as if I were going down. Doodle was frightened of being left.

"Don't go leave me, Brother," he cried, and he leaned toward the coffin. His hand, trembling, reached out, and when he touched the casket he screamed. A screech owl flapped out of the box into our faces, scaring us and covering us with Paris green. Doodle was paralyzed, so I put him on my shoulder and carried him down the ladder, and even when we were outside in the bright sunshine, he clung to me, crying. "Don't leave me. Don't leave me."

When Doodle was five years old, I was embarrassed at having a brother of that age who couldn't walk, so I set out to teach him. We were down in Old Woman Swamp and it was spring and the sick-sweet smell of bay flowers hung everywhere like a mournful song.

"I'm going to teach you to walk, Doodle," I said.

"I can't walk, Brother," he said.

"Who says so?" I demanded.

"Mama, the doctor--everybody."

"Oh, you can walk," I said, and I took him by the arms and stood him up. He collapsed onto the grass like a half empty flour sack. It was as if he had no bones in his little legs. "I'm going to teach you to walk." It seemed so hopeless from the beginning that it's a miracle I didn't give up. But all of us must have something or someone to be proud of, and Doodle had become mine. I did not know then that pride is a wonderful, terrible thing, a seed that bears two vines, life and death. Every day that summer we went to the pine beside the stream of Old Woman Swamp, and I put him on his feet at least a hundred times each afternoon.

Occasionally I too became discouraged because it didn't seem as if he was trying, and I would say, "Doodle, don't you want to earn to walk?" He'd nod his head, and I'd say, "Well, if you don't keep trying, you'll never learn." Then I'd paint for him a picture of us as old men, white-haired, him with a long white beard and me still pulling him around in the go-cart. This never failed to make him try again.

Finally one day, after many weeks of practicing, he stood alone for a few seconds. When he fell, I grabbed him in my arms and hugged him, our laughter pealing through the swamp like a ringing bell. Now we know it could be done. Hope no longer hid in the dark palmetto thicket but perched like a cardinal in the lacy toothbrush tree, brilliantly visible. "Yes, yes," I cried, and he cried it too, and the grass beneath us was soft and the smell of the swamp was sweet.

At breakfast on our chosen day, when Mama, Daddy, and Aunt Nicey were in the dining room, I brought Doodle to the door in the go-cart just as usual and head them turn their backs, making them cross their hearts and hope to die if they peeked. I helped Doodle up, and when he was standing alone I let them look. There wasn't a sound as Doodle walked slowly across the room and sat down at his place at the table. Then Mama began to cry and ran over to him, hugging him and kissing him. Daddy hugged him too, so I went to Aunt Nicey, who was thanks praying in the doorway, and began to waltz her around. We danced together quite well until she came down on my big toe with her brogans, hurting me so badly I thought I was crippled for life. Doodle told them it was I who had taught him to walk, so everyone wanted to hug me, and I began to cry.

They did not know that I did it for myself; that pride, whose slave I was, spoke to me louder than all their voices, and that Doodle walked only because I was ashamed of having a crippled brother. Within a few months, Doodle had learned to walk well and his go-cart was put up in the barn loft (it is still there) beside his little mahogany coffin.

Once I had succeeded in teaching Doodle to walk, I began to believe in my own infallibility, and I prepared a terrific development program for him, unknown to Mama and Daddy, of course. I would teach him to run, to swim, to climb trees, and to fight. He, too, now believed in my infallibility, so we set the deadline for these accomplishments less than a year away, when, it had been decided, Doodle could start school. On hot days, Doodle and I went down to Horsehead Landing, and I gave him swimming lessons or showed him how to row a boat. Sometimes we descended into the cool greenness of Old Woman Swamp and climbed the rope vines or boxed scientifically beneath the pine where he had learned to walk. Promise hung about us like the leaves, and wherever we looked, ferns unfurled and birds broke into song.

So we came to that clove of seasons. School was only a few weeks away, and Doodle was far behind schedule. He could barely clear the ground when climbing up the rope vines, and his swimming was certainly not passable. We decided to double our efforts, to make that last drive and reach our pot of gold. I made him swim until he turned red and his eyes became glazed. Once, he could go no further, so he collapsed on the ground and began to cry.

"Aw, come on, Doodle," I urged. "You can do it. Do you want to be different from everybody else when you start school?"

"Does it make any difference?"

"It certainly does," I said. "Now, come on," and I helped him up. As we slipped through dog days, Doodle began to look feverish, and Mama felt his forehead, asking him if he felt ill. At night he didn't sleep well, and sometimes he had nightmares, crying out until I touched him and said, "Wake up, Doodle. Wake up." It was Saturday noon, just a few days before school was to start. I should have already admitted defeat, but my pride wouldn't let me. The excitement of our program had now been gone for weeks, but still we kept on with a tired doggedness. It was too late to turn back, for we had both wandered too far into a net of expectations and had left no crumbs behind. Daddy, Mama, Doodle, and I were seated at the dining-room table having lunch. It was a hot day, with all the windows and doors open in case a breeze should come. In the kitchen Aunt Nicey was humming softly. Suddenly, from out in the yard, came a strange croaking noise. Doodle stopped eating, with a piece of bread poised ready for his mouth, his eyes popped round like two blue buttons.

"What's that?" he whispered. I jumped up, knocking over my chair, and had reached the door when Mama called, "Pick up the chair, sit down again, and say excuse me." By the time I had done this, Doodle had excused himself and had slipped out into the yard.

He was looking up into the bleeding tree. "It's a great big red bird!" he called. The bird croaked loudly again, and Mama and Daddy came out into the yard. We shaded our eyes with our hands against the hazy glare of the sun and peered up through the still leaves. On the topmost branch a bird the size of a chicken, with scarlet feathers and long legs, was precariously. Its wings hung down loosely, and as we watched, a feather dropped away and floated slowly down through the green leaves. Doodle's hands were clasped at his throat, and I had never seen him stand still so long.

"What is it?" he asked. At that moment the bird began to flutter, but the wings were uncoordinated, and amid much flapping and a spray of flying feathers, it tumbled down, bumping through the limbs of the bleeding tree and landing at our feet with a thud. Its long, graceful neck jerked twice into an S, then straightened out, and the bird was still. A white veil came over the eyes and the long white beak unhinged. Its legs were crossed and its clawlike feet were delicately curved at rest. Even death did not mar its grace, for it lay on the earth like a broken vase of red flowers, and we stood around it, awed by its exotic beauty.

"Go bring me the bird book," said Daddy. I ran into the house and brought back the bird book. As we watched, Daddy thumbed through its pages. "It's a scarlet ibis," he said, pointing to a picture. "It lives in the tropics--South America to Florida. A storm must have brought it here." Sadly, we all looked back at the bird. A scarlet ibis! How many miles it had traveled to die like this, in our yard, beneath the bleeding tree.

"Dead birds is bad luck," said Aunt Nicey, poking her head from the kitchen door. "Specially red dead birds!"

As soon as I had finished eating, Doodle and I hurried off to Horsehead Landing. Time was short, and Doodle still had a long way to go if he was going to keep up with the other boys when he started school. The sun, gilded with the yellow cast of autumn, still burned fiercely, but the dark green woods through which we passed were shady and cool. When we reached the landing, Doodle said he was too tired to swim, so we got into a skiff and floated down the creek with the tide. Doodle did not speak and kept his head turned away, letting one hand trail limply in the water.

After we had drifted a long way, I put the oars in place and made Doodle row back against the tide. Black clouds began to gather in the southwest, and he kept watching them, trying to pull the oars a little faster. When we reached Horsehead Landing, lightning was playing across half the sky and thunder roared out, hiding even the sound of the sea. The sun disappeared and darkness descended. Doodle was both tired and frightened, and when he stepped from the skiff he collapsed onto the mud, sending an armada of fiddler crabs rustling off into the marsh grass. I helped him up, and as he wiped the mud off his trousers, he smiled at me ashamedly. He had failed and we both knew it, so we started back home, racing the storm.

The lightening was near now, and from fear he walked so close behind me he kept stepping on my heels. The faster I walked, the faster he walked, so I began to run. The rain was coming, roaring through the pines, and then, like a bursting Roman candle, a gum tree ahead of us was shattered by a bolt of lightening. When the deafening peal of thunder had died, and in the moment before the rain arrived, I heard Doodle, who had fallen behind, cry out, "Brother, Brother, don't leave me! Don't leave me!"

The knowledge that Doodle's and my plans had come to naught was bitter, and that streak of cruelty within me awakened. I ran as fast as I could, leaving him far behind with a wall of rain dividing us. The drops stung my face like nettles, and the wind flared the wet glistening leaves of the bordering trees. Soon I could hear his voice no more. I hadn't run too far before I became tired, and the flood of childish spite evanesced as well. I stopped and waited for Doodle. The sound of rain was everywhere, but the wind had died and it fell straight down in parallel paths like ropes hanging from the sky.

As I waited, I peered through the downpour, but no one came. Finally I went back and found him huddled beneath a red nightshade bush beside the road. He was sitting on the ground, his face buried in his arms, which were resting on his drawn-up knees. "Let's go, Doodle," I said.

He didn't answer, so I placed my hand on his forehead and lifted his head. Limply, he fell backwards onto the earth. He had been bleeding from the mouth, and his neck and the front of his shirt were stained a brilliant red. Doodle! Doodle! I cried, shaking him, but there was no answer but the ropy rain. He say very awkwardly, with his head thrown far back, making his vermilion neck appear unusually long and slim. His little legs, bent sharply at the knees, had never before seemed so fragile, so thin. I began to weep, and the tear-blurred vision in red before me looked very familiar.

"Doodle!" I screamed above the pounding storm and threw my body to the earth above his. For a long time, it seemed forever, I lay there crying, sheltering my fallen scarlet ibis from the heresy of rain.


Questions:

  1. What special challenges does Doodle face?
  2. As a child, how would you have felt about having a brother like Doodle?
  3. What are Doodle's initial feelings about learning to walk and why do they change?
  4. How does the narrator feel after he shows his parents that Doodle can walk?
  5. How successful is Doodle in his training program?
  6. Do you think Doodle will be ready for school? Why?
  7. How did the scarlet ibis end up in the family backyard and what happened to it there?
  8. How does each boy respond to the scarlet ibis?
  9. What happened to Doodle by the time the narrator finally goes back for him?
  10. Why did the narrator leave Doodle behind in the storm?
Note: narrator means the speaker in the story.

Wednesday, December 22, 2010

"The Necklace" by Guy de Maupassant

1) She was one of those pretty and charming girls, born, as if by an
accident of fate, into a family of clerks. With no dowry, no
prospects1, no way of any kind of being met, understood, loved, and
married by a man both prosperous and famous, she was finally
married to a minor clerk in the Ministry of Education.

2) She dressed plainly because she could not afford fine clothes, but
was as unhappy as a woman who has come down in the world; for
women have no family rank or social class. With them, beauty, grace,
and charm take the place of birth and breeding. Their natural poise,
their instinctive good taste, and their mental cleverness are the sole
guiding principles that make daughters of the common people the
equals of ladies in high society.

3) She grieved incessantly, feeling that she had been born for all the
little niceties and luxuries of living. She grieved over the shabbiness
of her apartment, the dinginess of the walls, the worn-out appearance
of the chairs, the ugliness of the draperies. All these things, which
another woman of her class would not even have noticed, gnawed at
her and made her furious. The sight of the Breton2 girl who did her
humble housework roused in her disconsolate3 regrets and wild
daydreams. She would dream of silent chambers, draped with
Oriental tapestries and lighted by tall bronze floor lamps, and of two
handsome butlers in knee breeches, who, drowsy from the heavy
warmth cast by the central stove, dozed in large overstuffed
armchairs.

4) She would dream of great reception halls hung with old silks, of
fine furniture filled with priceless curios4, and of small, stylish,
scented sitting rooms just right for the four o’clock chat with some
intimate friends, with distinguished and sought-after men whose
attention every woman envies and longs to attract.

5) When dining at the round table, covered for the third day with
the same cloth, opposite her husband, who would raise the cover of
the soup tureen, declaring delightedly, “Ah! A good stew! There’s
nothing I like better ….,” she would dream of fashionable dinner
parties, of gleaming silverware, of tapestries making the walls alive
with characters out of history and strange birds in a fairyland forest;
she would dream of delicious dishes served on wonderful china, of gallant compliments whispered and listened to with a sphinxlike5 smile
as one eats the rosy flesh of a trout or nibbles at the wings of a
grouse.

6) She had no evening clothes, no jewels, nothing. But those were the
things he wanted: she felt that was the kind of life for her. She so
much longed to please, be envied, be fascinating and sought after.

7) She had a well-to-do friend, a classmate of convent-school days
whom she would no longer go to see, simply because she would feel
so distressed on returning home. And she would weep for days on end
from vexation6, regret, despair, and anguish.

8) Then one evening, her husband came home proudly holding out a
large envelope.

9) “Look,” he said, “I’ve go something for you.”

10) She excitedly tore open the envelope and pulled out a printed card
bearing these words:

11) “The Minister of Education and Mme. Georges Ramponneau beg M.
and Mme. Loisel to do them the honor of attending an evening
reception at the Ministerial Mansion on Friday, January 18.”

12) Instead of being delighted, as her husband had hoped, she
scornfully tossed the invitation on the table, murmuring, “What good
is that to me?”

13) “But my dear, I thought you’d be thrilled to death. You never get a
chance to go out, and this is a real affair, a wonderful one! I had an
awful time getting a card. Everybody wants one; it’s much sought
after, and not many clerks have a chance at one. You’ll see all the
most important people there.”

14) She gave him an irritated glance and burst out impatiently, “What
do you think I have to go in?”

15) He hadn’t given that a thought. He stammered, “Why, the dress
you wear when we go to the theater. That looks quite nice, I think.”

16) He stopped talking, dazed and distracted to see his wife burst out
weeping. Two large tears slowly rolled from the corners of her eyes
to the corners of her mouth. He gasped, “Why, what’s the matter?
What’s the trouble?”

17) By sheer willpower she overcame her outburst and answered in a
calm voice while wiping the tears from her wet cheeks, “Oh, nothing.
Only I don’t have an evening dress and therefore I can’t go to that
affair. Give the card to some friend at the office whose wife can
dress better that I can.”

18) He was stunned. He resumed, “Let’s see, Mathilde. How much
would a suitable outfit cost-one you could wear for other affairs toosomething
very simple?”

19) She thought it over for several seconds, going over her allowance
and thinking also of the amount she could ask for without bringing an
immediate refusal and an exclamation of dismay from the thrifty
clerk.

20) Finally, she answered hesitatingly, “I’m not sure exactly, but I
think with four hundred francs7 I could manage it.”

21) He turned a bit pale, for he had set aside just that amount to buy
a rifle so that, the following summer, he could join some friends who
were getting up a group to shoot larks on the plain near Nanterre8.

22) However, he said, “All right. I’ll give you four hundred francs. But
try to get a nice dress.”

23) As the day of the party approached, Mme. Loisel seemed sad,
moody, and ill at ease. Her outfit was ready, however. Her husband
said to her one evening, “What’s the matter? You’ve been all out of
sorts for three days.”

24) And she answered, “It’s embarrassing not to have a jewel or a
gem-nothing to wear on my dress. I’ll look like a pauper; I’d almost
rather not go to that party.”

25) He answered, “Why not wear some flowers? They’re very
fashionable this season. For ten francs you can get two or three
gorgeous roses.”

26) She wasn’t at all convinced. “No…There’s nothing more humiliating
than to look poor among a lot of rich women.”

27) But her husband exclaimed, “My, but you’re silly! Go see your
friend Mme. Forestier and ask her to lend you some jewelry. You and
she know each other well enough for you to do that.”

28) She gave a cry of joy, “Why, that’s so! I hadn’t thought of it.”

29) The next day she paid her friend a visit and told her of her
predicament.

30) Mme. Forestier went toward a large closet with mirrored doors,
took out a large jewel box, brought it over, opened it, and said to
Mme. Loisel, “Pick something out, my dear.”

31) At first her eyes noted some bracelets, then a pearl necklace,
then a Venetian cross, gold and gems, of marvelous workmanship. She
tried on these adornments in front of the mirror, but hesitated,unable to decide which to part with and put back. She kept on asking,
“Haven’t you something else?”

32) “Oh, yes, keep on looking. I don’t know just what you’d like.”

33) All at once she found, in a black satin box, a superb diamond
necklace; and her pulse beat faster with longing. Her hands trembled
as she took it up. Clasping it around her throat, outside her highnecked
dress, she stood in ecstasy looking at her reflection.

34) Then she asked, hesitatingly, pleading, “Could I borrow that, just
that and nothing else?”

35) “Why of course.”

36) She threw her arms around her friend, kissed her warmly, and
fled with her treasure.

37) The day of the party arrived. Mme. Loisel was a sensation. She was
the prettiest one there, fashionable, gracious, smiling, and wild with
joy. All the men turned to look at her, asked who she was, begged to
be introduced. All the Cabinet officials wanted to waltz with her. The
minister took notice of her.

38) She danced madly, wildly, drunk with pleasure, giving no thought to
anything in the triumph of her beauty, the pride of her success, in a
kind of happy cloud composed of all the adulation, of all the admiring
glances, of all the awakened longings, of a sense of complete victory
that is so sweet to a woman’s heart.

39) She left around four o’clock in the morning. Her husband, since
midnight, had been dozing in a small empty sitting room with three
other gentlemen whose wives were having too good a time to leave.

40) He threw her over his shoulders the wraps he had brought for
going home, modest garments of everyday life whose shabbiness
clashed with the stylishness of her evening clothes. She felt this and
longed to escaped, unseen by the other women who were draped in
expensive furs.

41) Loisel held her back.

42) “Hold on! You’ll catch cold outside. I’ll call a cab.”

43) But she wouldn’t listen to him and went rapidly down the stairs.
When they were on the street, they didn’t find a carriage; and they
set out to hunt for one, hailing drivers whom they saw going by at a
distance.

44) They walked toward the Seine11, disconsolate and shivering. Finally
on the docks they found one of those carriages that one sees in Paris
only after nightfall, as if they were ashamed to show their drabness
during daylight hours.

45) It dropped then at their door in the Rue des Martyrs12, and they
climbed wearily up to their apartment. For her, it was all over. For
him, there was the thought the he would have to be at the Ministry
at ten o’clock.

46) Before the mirror, she let the wraps fall from her shoulders to
see herself once again in all her glory. Suddenly gave a cry. The
necklace was gone.

47) Her husband, already half undressed, said, “What’s the trouble?”

48) She turned toward him despairingly, “I ..I..I don’t have Mme.
Forestier’s necklace.”

49) “What! You can’t mean it! It’s impossible!”

50) They hunted everywhere, through the folds of the dress, through
the folds of the coat, in the pockets. They found nothing.

51) He asked, “Are you sure you had it when leaving the dance?”

52) “Yes, I felt it when I was in the hall of the Ministry.”

53) “But if you had lost it on the street, we’d have heard it drop. It
must be in the cab.”

54) “Yes, quite likely. Did you get it’s number?”
55) “No. Didn’t you notice it either?”
56) “No.”
57) They looked at each other aghast13. Finally Loisel got dressed
again.
58) “I’ll retrace our steps on foot,” he said, “to see if I can find it.”

59) And he went out. She remained in her evening clothes, without the
strength to go to bed, slumped in a chair in the unheated room, her
mind a blank.

60) Her husband came in about seven o’clock. He had had no luck.

61) He went to the police station, to the newspapers to post a reward,
to the cab companies, everywhere the slightest hope drove him.

62) That evening Loisel returned, pale, his face lined still he had
learned nothing.

63) “We’ll have to write your friend,” he said, “to tell her you have
broken the catch and are having it repaired. That will give us a little
time to turn around.”

64) She wrote his dictation.

65) At the end of a week, they had given up all hope.

66) And Loisel, looking five years older, declared, “We must take steps
to replace that piece of jewelry.”

67) The next day they took the case to the jeweler whose name they
found inside. He consulted his records. “I didn’t sell that necklace,
madame,” he said. “I only supplied the case.”

68) Then they went from one jeweler to another hunting for a similar
necklace, going over their recollections, both sick with despair and
anxiety.

69) They found, in a shop in Palais Royal14, a string of diamonds that
seemed exactly like the one they were seeking. It was priced at forty
thousand francs. They could get it for thirty-six.

70) They asked the jeweler to hold it for them for three days. And
they reached an agreement that he would take it back for thirty four
thousand if the one lost was found before the end of February.

71) Loisel had eighteen thousand francs he had inherited from his
father. He would borrow the rest.

72) He went about raising the money, asking a thousand francs from
one, four hundred from another, a hundred here, sixty there. He
signed notes, made ruinous15 deals, did business with loan sharks, ran
the whole gamut16 of moneylenders. He compromised the rest of his
life, risked his signature without knowing if he’d be able to honor it,
and, then, terrified by the outlook for the future, by the blackness
of despair about to close around him, by the prospect of all the
privations of the body and tortures of the spirit, he went to claim the
new necklace with the thirty-six thousand francs that he placed on
the counter of the shopkeeper.

73) When Mme. Loisel took the necklace back, Mme. Forestier said to
her frostily, “You should have brought it back sooner; I might have
needed it.”

74) She didn’t open the case, an action her friend was afraid of. If
she had noticed the substitution, what would she have thought? What
would she have said? Would she have thought her a thief?

75) Mme. Loisel experienced the horrible life the needy live. She
played her part, however, with sudden heroism. That frightful debt
had to be paid. She would pay it. She dismissed her maid; they rented
a garret17 under the eaves.

76) She learned to do the heavy housework, to perform the hateful
duties of cooking. She washed dishes, wearing down her shell pink
nails scouring the grease from pots and pans; she scrubbed dirty
linen, shirts, and cleaning rags, which she hung on a line to dry; she
took the garbage down to the street each morning and brought up
water, stopping on each landing to get her breath. And, clad18 like a
peasant woman, basket on arm, guarding sou19 by sou her scanty
allowance, she bargained with the fruit dealers, the grocer, the
butcher, and was insulted by them.

77) Each month notes had to be paid and others renewed to give more
time.

78) Her husband labored evenings to balance a tradesman’s accounts,
and at night, often, he copied documents at five sous a page.

79) And this went on for ten years.

80) Finally, all was paid back, everything including the exorbitant rates
of the loan sharks and accumulated compound interest.

81) Mme. Loisel appeared an old woman now. She became heavy, rough,
harsh, like one of the poor. Her hair untended, her skirts askew20, her
hands red, her voice shrill, she even slopped water on her floors and
scrubbed them herself. But, sometimes, while her husband was at
work, she would sit near the window and think of that long ago evening
when, at the dance, she had been so beautiful and admired.

82) What would have happened if she had not lost that necklace? Who
knows? Who can say? How strange and unpredictable life is! How
little there is between happiness and misery!

83) Then one Sunday when she had gone for a walk on the Champs
Elysees21 to relax a bit from the week’s labors, she suddenly noticed a
woman strolling with a child. It was Mme. Forestier, sill young-looking,
still beautiful, still charming.

84) Mme. Loisel felt a rush of emotion. Should she speak to her? Of
course. And now that everything was paid off, she would tell her the
whole story. Why not?

85) She went toward her. “Hello, Jeanne.”

86) The other, not recognizing her, showed astonishment at being
spoken to so familiarly by this common person. She stammered.
“But…madame..I don’t recognize…You must be mistaken.”

87) “No, I’m Mathilde Loisel.”

88) Her friend gave a cry, “Oh, my poor Mathilde, how you’ve changed!”

89) “Yes, I’ve had a hard time since last seeing you. And plenty of
misfortune-and all on account of you!”

90) “Of me...How do you mean?”

91) “Do you remember that diamond necklace you loaned me to wear to
the dance at the Ministry?”

92) “Yes, but what about it?”

93) “Well, I lost it.”

94) “You lost it! But you returned it.”

95) “I brought you another just like it. And we’ve been paying for it for ten years now. You can imagine that wasn’t easy for us who had
nothing. Well, it’s over now, and I am glad of it.”

96) Mme. Forestier stopped short, “You mean to say you bought a
diamond necklace to replace mine?”

97) “Yes. You never noticed, then? They were quite alike.”

98) And she smiled with proud and simple joy.

99) Mme. Forestier, quite overcome, clasped her by the hands. “Oh, my
poor Mathilde. But mine was only paste22. Why, at most it was worth
five hundred francs!”

Answer the following questions:

  1. In the opening paragraph of the story, why does the writer consider Mme Loisel's life an "accident of faith"?
  2. Do you think the writer wants to sympathize with Mme Loisel's unhappiness at the beginning of the story? Why or why not?
  3. How are the things that Mme Loisel values different from what her husband values?
  4. Do you think the Loisels made a wise decision to buy another necklace that cost them a fortune? What else could they have done? (Be creative)
  5. Do you feel sorry for Mme Loisel? Why or why not?
  6. Considering Mme Loisel's feelings at the beginning of the story and the surprising twist of events at the end, what would you say is the theme of "The Necklace"? Justify your answer.

Grammar:
Change the following into indirect speech:

  1. He answered, “Why not wear some flowers? They’re very
    fashionable this season. For ten francs you can get two or three
    gorgeous roses.”
  2. “We’ll have to write your friend,” he said.
  3. “Do you remember that diamond necklace you loaned me to wear to
    the dance at the Ministry?” she asked.
  4. She said, “You lost it! But you returned it.”
  5. He declared, “We must take steps to replace that piece of jewelry.”

Research:

This story is about content (satisfied) with your life and what you have. It also reveals the envious side of the main character (desiring what other people have). Search the internet for some quotes about being content and satisfied and explain your favorite one. Also try to find a true event from history that is similar to this story or the idea of envy and dissatisfaction.


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